Due to the announcement by the Hydrometeorological Administration of Macedonia (UHMR) regarding expected high maximum daily temperatures during the extended weekend and until the end of the following week (1–7 August 2026), the Institute of Public Health calls on citizens to follow protective measures and exercise caution during periods of high ambient temperatures.

How does hot weather affect our health and what should we do?

When the ambient air temperature approaches or exceeds the normal human body temperature of approximately 36.7°C, the body’s ability to cool itself decreases. In addition, when the relative humidity of the air is high, sweat evaporates more slowly, making it more difficult for the body to regulate its temperature.

When the body becomes overheated or has difficulty maintaining temperature balance, symptoms may include weakness, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, excessive sweating, dry skin and muscle cramps. As the condition known as “heat stroke” worsens, the following symptoms and signs may occur: cessation of sweating, extremely hot skin, confusion (disorientation), rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, and in severe cases, death.

Vulnerable population groups:

·         People over 60 years of age, pregnant women, children, socially vulnerable persons and outdoor workers.

·         People with chronic diseases, including:

o    Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and kidney diseases, diabetes, mental health conditions, obesity, and people receiving medications that increase urination (diuretics, some medicines for epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, etc.).

Recommendations for protection from hot weather

1.       Avoid direct exposure to sunlight and outdoor activities between 11:00 and 17:00.

2.       Wear light and loose-fitting clothing. When exposed to direct sunlight, use sunglasses and a light-coloured hat with a high crown and wide brim.

3.       Stay indoors in air-conditioned spaces whenever possible.

4.       If outdoor activities are unavoidable during this period, take frequent breaks in shaded areas and avoid direct exposure to the sun.

5.       Keep windows and blinds closed during the day and open them at night when temperatures are lower.

6.       Eat moderate amounts of food. Avoid fatty, high-calorie foods and foods containing large amounts of sugar.

7.       Drink enough fluids throughout the day, without waiting until you feel thirsty. The best choice is drinking water; mineral non-alcoholic beverages may also be consumed. Avoid alcoholic drinks, caffeinated beverages and very cold drinks.

8.       When inside a parked vehicle, open the windows to allow ventilation. Fully closed vehicles can become extremely hot. Never leave anyone inside a parked vehicle!

9.       Take lukewarm showers as needed. For additional cooling, apply cold compresses or soak your feet in cool water.

10.   People with chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular, neurological and respiratory conditions, should strictly follow these recommendations and continue taking their regular therapy. Any changes in health condition should be discussed with their family doctor.

What should you do if you do not feel well?

1.       If you experience dizziness, weakness, anxiety, intense thirst or headache, seek help, move to a cooler place as quickly as possible and measure your body temperature.

2.       Drink water or a non-carbonated mineral drink to restore hydration.

3.       If you experience painful muscle cramps, most often in the legs, arms or abdomen, immediately rest in a cool place and drink fluids containing electrolytes. Medical assistance is needed if heat cramps last longer than one hour.

4.       If a family member or a person you are assisting has hot and dry skin, cramps and/or is unconscious, immediately call 194 or 112. While waiting for emergency medical assistance, move the person to a cool place, place them in a horizontal position and raise their legs more than 20 cm above body level.

5.       Remove excess clothing, provide external cooling by applying cold compresses to the neck, armpits and groin area, continuously cool the person and spray the skin with water.

6.       Do not administer medication.

7.       If the person is unconscious, place them in the recovery position (on their side).

8.       Consult your doctor if you experience unusual symptoms or signs, or if symptoms persist.

Taking into account the above information, the Institute of Public Health appeals to citizens to follow the recommended measures for protection against heat stress and to pay special attention to vulnerable population groups.

For more detailed information, please consult the Action Plan for Prevention of the Health Consequences of Heat Waves on the Population of the Republic of North Macedonia 2025–2030 and the available information leaflets.