Due to the forecast issued by the Hydrometeorological Service (HMS) indicating expected high maximum daily temperatures from June 26 2026 to June 30 2026, the Institute of Public Health urges all citizens to follow the recommended protective and precautionary measures during periods of high ambient temperatures.

How does hot weather affect our health, and what should we do?

When the ambient air temperature approaches or exceeds the normal body temperature of approximately 36.7°C, the human body's ability to cool itself decreases. Furthermore, when the relative humidity is high, sweat evaporates less efficiently, making it even more difficult for the body to cool down.

When the body becomes overheated or is unable to regulate its temperature effectively, symptoms may include weakness, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, excessive sweating, dry skin, and muscle cramps. If the condition progresses to heatstroke, additional signs and symptoms may occur, including cessation of sweating, extremely hot skin, confusion, rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness, and, in severe cases, death.

Vulnerable population groups

• People over the age of 60, pregnant women, children, socially vulnerable individuals, outdoor workers

·         People with chronic diseases, including: Cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, mental health disorders, obesity, people receiving medications that increase urination (such as diuretics, certain anti-epileptic medications, medications for Parkinson's disease, etc.)

Recommendations for protection during hot weather

1. Avoid direct sun exposure and outdoor activities between 11:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.
2. Wear light-colored, lightweight clothing. When exposed to direct sunlight, wear sunglasses and a light-colored hat with a high crown and a wide brim.
3. Stay indoors in air-conditioned rooms whenever possible.
4. If you must remain outdoors during this period, take frequent breaks in the shade and avoid prolonged direct exposure to the sun.
5. Keep windows and blinds closed during the day, and open them at night when temperatures are lower.
6. Eat moderate amounts of food. Avoid fatty, high-calorie foods and foods with high sugar content.
7. Drink sufficient fluids throughout the day without waiting until you feel thirsty. Drinking water is the best choice, while non-carbonated mineral water may also be consumed. Avoid alcoholic beverages, caffeinated drinks, and very cold beverages.
8. If you are inside a parked vehicle, open the windows to allow ventilation. Fully closed vehicles become extremely hot. Never leave anyone inside a parked vehicle.
9. Take lukewarm showers as needed. To cool down further, apply cold compresses or soak your feet in cool water.
10. People with chronic illnesses, especially cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory diseases, should strictly follow these recommendations and continue taking their prescribed medications regularly. They should consult their primary care physician regarding any changes in their health condition.

What should you do if you do not feel well?

1. If you experience dizziness, weakness, anxiety, intense thirst, or headache, seek assistance, move to a cooler place as quickly as possible, and measure your body temperature.
2. Drink water or non-carbonated mineral water to rehydrate.
3. If you experience painful muscle cramps, most commonly in the legs, arms, or abdomen, immediately rest in a cool place and drink fluids containing electrolytes. Seek medical attention if the cramps last longer than one hour.
4. If a member of your family or someone you are assisting has hot, dry skin, muscle cramps, and/or is unconscious, immediately call 194 or 112. While waiting for emergency medical assistance, move the person to a cool place, lay them flat, and elevate their legs approximately 20 cm above the ground.
5. Remove excess clothing and begin external cooling by applying cold compresses to the neck, armpits, and groin. Continue cooling the person and spray the skin with water.
6. Do not administer any medication.
7. If the person is unconscious, place them in the recovery (side-lying) position.
8. Consult your physician if you experience unusual symptoms or signs, or if they persist.

Taking into account the above information, the Institute of Public Health appeals to all citizens to follow the recommended measures for protection against heat stress and to pay particular attention to vulnerable population groups.

For more detailed information, please consult the Action plan for the prevention of the effects of heat waves on the health of the population of the Republic of North Macedonia 2025–2030 and the accompanying informational leaflets.